What best describes bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder is best described as manic depression with severe mood swings. This condition involves alternating episodes of mania, characterized by heightened energy, euphoria, and an increased need for sleep, and episodes of depression, which can include low energy, feelings of hopelessness, and disinterest in daily activities. These mood swings can vary in frequency and intensity and significantly impact daily life and functioning.

The term "manic depression" highlights the extreme changes in mood that individuals with bipolar disorder experience, distinguishing it from mere moderate mood swings or other mental health conditions. It is important to note that bipolar disorder is classified as a mood disorder rather than a personality disorder or an anxiety disorder. Personality disorders involve longstanding patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate from cultural norms, while anxiety disorders are primarily characterized by excessive fear or worry, which does not align with the specific symptoms and behaviors associated with bipolar disorder.